TMJ Prostheses for Condylar Resorption and Benign Tumors Affecting the Condyle

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Biomedical Engineering
• Orthodontics

Background:

• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease can necessitate total joint replacement.
• TMJ prostheses, approved by the FDA in the 1990s, involve fossa and condylar components.
• Technological advancements have refined TMJ replacement surgery, though indications remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the indications and characteristics of total temporomandibular joint replacement.
• To discuss variables influencing outcomes in TMJ replacement surgery.
• To explore the use of TMJ prostheses for condylar destruction or overgrowth due to benign tumors.

Main Methods:

• This study is a narrative review of existing literature on TMJ replacement.
• It synthesizes information on TMJ prostheses, surgical techniques, and clinical decision-making.
• The review focuses on conditions involving condylar destruction or overgrowth.

Main Results:

• TMJ prostheses have evolved since the 1960s, with FDA approval in the 1990s.
• Both stock and custom-made prostheses are available, comprising fossa and condylar components.
• Despite improvements, controversy persists regarding the precise indications and optimal timing for TMJ replacement.

Conclusions:

• Total TMJ replacement is a viable strategy for severe TMJ disease, particularly with condylar pathology.
• Understanding prosthesis characteristics and surgical variables is crucial for successful outcomes.
• Further consensus on indications and timing will optimize the application of this complex procedure.