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Efficacy of a Very-Low-Calorie Weight Loss Diet Plus Exercise Compared With Exercise Alone on Hip Osteoarthritis Pain
Michelle Hall1, Rana S Hinman2, Gabrielle Knox2
1Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (M.H.).
Background:
Exercise is recommended to manage hip osteoarthritis, but weight loss recommendations are conflicting.
Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of a weight loss diet added to exercise on change in hip pain.
Design:
2-group superiority randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04825483).
Setting:
Community.
Participants:
101 adults with hip osteoarthritis and overweight or obesity.
Intervention:
Both the exercise only group and very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) plus exercise group were provided with a 6-month home exercise program via 5 telehealth consultations. The VLCD plus exercise group also received a VLCD via 6 telehealth consultations.
Measurements:
The primary outcome was 6-month change in hip pain severity (11-point scale; range 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating worse pain; minimum clinically important difference of 1.8). Secondary end points included other measures of hip pain, physical function, quality of life, body weight, body composition, and adverse events.
Results:
99 (98%) and 95 (94%) participants provided 6- and 12-month primary outcomes, respectively. Although VLCD plus exercise lost 8.5% more weight than exercise only, VLCD plus exercise was not more effective for change in hip pain severity (mean difference, -0.6 units [95% CI, -1.5 to 0.3]) at 6 months. Between-group differences for other secondary outcomes at 6 months favored VLCD plus exercise except Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) pain and function. At 12 months, weight, body mass index, HOOS pain and function, and overall hip improvement, but not quality of life and physical activity, favored VLCD plus exercise. There were no serious related adverse events.
Limitation:
Participants were unblinded.
Conclusion:
Adding a weight loss diet to exercise did not change hip pain but improved most secondary outcomes.
Primary Funding Source:
National Health and Medical Research Council.
