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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

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Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
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Acute lymphocytic leukaemia.

Hagop Kantarjian1, Ching-Hon Pui2, Elias Jabbour1

  • 1Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in genetic analysis and targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes for acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL). New treatments offer higher cure rates with less intensive chemotherapy, transforming patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) is a cancer of lymphoid progenitor cells.
  • Over 40 subtypes of ALL have been identified through genetic analysis.
  • Measurable residual disease assays have improved monitoring and risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in ALL treatment.
  • To highlight the impact of molecular and immunotherapies.
  • To discuss improved outcomes in adult and pediatric ALL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent breakthroughs in molecular therapeutics and immunotherapies.
  • Analysis of outcomes in BCR::ABL1-positive ALL treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and antibodies.
  • Evaluation of Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies in refractory/relapsed ALL.

Main Results:

  • New therapies have improved ALL treatment efficacy and reduced toxicity.
  • Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and targeted antibodies show unprecedented outcomes in BCR::ABL1-positive ALL.
  • Overall survival in B-cell ALL improved to 80-90%, even in adults and infants.
  • CAR T-cell therapy transformed outcomes in pediatric refractory/relapsed ALL and is used in adult front-line treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Innovations in ALL treatment offer increased cure rates.
  • Reduced reliance on intensive chemotherapy and stem-cell transplantation is possible.
  • Improved outcomes are being achieved across diverse patient populations, including adults and infants.