Langerhans cells histiocytosis with invasion into the brain parenchyma: A rare presentation

This case presents an unusual case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with invasion into the brain parenchyma, a rare phenomenon documented in few cases worldwide. The relevance of this case lies in the contribution to the knowledge of this pathology in the paediatric neuro-oncologic context. An 11-year-old boy presented with increased volume in the left frontal region, without neurological deficit or systemic symptoms. CT and MRI revealed an aggressive osteolytic lesion with perilesional oedema and intracranial extension. Complete excision of the lesion was performed, confirming Langerhans cell histiocytosis by immunohistochemistry. Chemotherapy was started with good tolerance and no complications so far. This case highlights the need for timely diagnosis and treatment in cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with brain involvement, given its potential impact on prognosis and the scarcity of specific guidelines for this type of manifestations.