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Exploring occupational neuroplasticity using a novel DAG-based effective connectivity model with fMRI.

Hua Zhang1, Weiming Zeng1, Boyang Wei1

  • 1Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.

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Occupational neuroplasticity, the brain

Keywords:
Brain effective connectivityDirected acyclic graphFunctional magnetic resonance imaging analysisOccupational neuroplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Occupational experiences shape neuroplasticity, impacting brain health and cognition.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of occupational neuroplasticity is crucial but challenging.
  • Current methods for estimating effective connectivity (EC) from fMRI data have limitations in temporal resolution, dimensionality, and interpretability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) estimation model, GroupDAGs, for enhanced brain effective connectivity (EC) analysis.
  • To address limitations of existing EC estimation methods, including low temporal resolution, high dimensionality, and poor interpretability.
  • To explore the neuro-causal mechanisms of occupational neuroplasticity using fMRI data from seafarers.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the GroupDAGs model incorporating an M-matrix for acyclic constraints, modularity, and group similarity.
  • Extensive validation of GroupDAGs performance through simulations with diverse noise types and graph structures.
  • Application of GroupDAGs to pre- and post-voyage fMRI data from seafarers to investigate occupational neuroplasticity.

Main Results:

  • GroupDAGs demonstrated enhanced accuracy and interpretability in estimating brain EC networks compared to existing methods.
  • Seafarers exhibited increased brain network modularity and cerebellar specialization post-voyage.
  • Improvements in task-related attentional control and motor coordination, alongside identified changes in emotional regulation and social cognition regions, were observed in seafarers.

Conclusions:

  • The GroupDAGs model offers a significant advancement in calculating brain EC networks, improving accuracy and interpretability.
  • Occupational neuroplasticity in seafarers is characterized by distinct changes in brain network organization, specialization, and cognitive abilities.
  • This study provides novel insights into the neural underpinnings of occupation-related brain plasticity and its functional consequences.