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Longitudinal Relations Among Perceived Economic Stress, Deviant Peer Affiliation, and Bullying Victimization: A

Xingchao Wang1, Huibin Wei2, Shiyin Wang3

  • 1School of Educational Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.

Journal of Youth and Adolescence
|August 4, 2025
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Summary

Adolescents experiencing economic stress and associating with deviant peers face higher risks of bullying. Longitudinal data revealed bidirectional links between economic stress and bullying, and that bullying can lead to deviant peer affiliation, especially in girls.

Keywords:
Bullying victimizationDeviant peer affiliationPerceived economic stressRI-CLPMSex

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Perceived economic stress and deviant peer affiliation are established risk factors for adolescent bullying victimization.
  • Longitudinal relationships between these factors and bullying victimization require further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal associations among perceived economic stress, deviant peer affiliation, and bullying victimization in adolescents.
  • To differentiate between-person and within-person effects in these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a random intercept cross-lagged model with a 3-year longitudinal dataset.
  • Sample included 2407 Chinese adolescents (ages 11-16) from 7 schools.
  • Measured perceived economic stress, deviant peer affiliation, and bullying victimization annually.

Main Results:

  • Significant positive between-person correlations were found among all three constructs.
  • Within-person analysis revealed bidirectional positive associations between perceived economic stress and bullying victimization.
  • Bullying victimization positively predicted subsequent deviant peer affiliation at the within-person level.
  • Sex differences emerged: girls experiencing more bullying were more likely to affiliate with deviant peers, and vice versa, an effect not observed in boys.

Conclusions:

  • The study disentangles within- and between-person effects, offering a nuanced understanding of the interplay between economic stress, peer affiliation, and bullying.
  • Findings underscore the importance of considering both individual trajectories and group-level correlations in adolescent risk behaviors.
  • Results highlight unique pathways for girls regarding bullying victimization and deviant peer affiliation.