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A complex systems view on physical activity with actionable insights for behaviour change.

Julia Schüler1, Matti T J Heino2, Natàlia Balagué3

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Physical inactivity poses significant health and economic challenges. A complex systems approach, integrating multiple disciplines and research stages, is crucial for developing effective physical activity interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Systems Science

Background:

  • Rising rates of physical inactivity and associated health/economic burdens persist despite extensive research.
  • Current research often fails to capture the multifaceted nature of physical activity behavior.
  • A need exists for integrated approaches to understand and promote physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a complex systems framework for understanding physical activity behavior.
  • To outline how a complex systems perspective can enhance research and interventions.
  • To bridge the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical application in physical activity research.

Main Methods:

  • Adopting a complex systems perspective considering interactions across physiological, psychological, social, and environmental systems.
  • Analyzing dynamic interactions across time within these systems.
  • Integrating basic and applied research through intensive interdisciplinary collaboration.

Main Results:

  • Identified two key layers of complexity: system interactions and their dynamic temporal interactions.
  • Advocated for aligning all research stages (theory, measurement, design, analysis, interventions) with a complex systems view.
  • Highlighted the necessity of transdisciplinary solutions emerging from integrated research.

Conclusions:

  • A complex systems approach is essential for addressing the persistent challenge of physical inactivity.
  • Aligning research practices with complex systems principles can lead to more effective behavior change interventions.
  • Transdisciplinary collaboration and integrated research are vital for advancing physical activity promotion.