Green PEGylated-Sily@ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites for amelioration of ROS and DNA damage in rat liver

Some conventional drugs are swiftly accessible and poorly soluble in the body. Although it is less soluble and accessible, silymarin, a well-known antioxidant drug, is used to treat several ailments. It is integrated into green-designed Fagonia cretica extract (FCE) based on PEGylated-Sily@ZnFe₂O₄ in this work to enhance these characteristics. UV-visible spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential analysis were all used to thoroughly analyze the nanocomposites. As a result, ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposites (NCs) produced nanostructures with an average crystal size of 7.66 nm, whereas PEGylated-Sily@ZnFe₂O₄ nanodrug produced with an average crystal size of 25.38 nm. The ZnFe₂O₄ NCs produced nanostructures with an average grain size of 332 nm and 504 nm, respectively as deduce by SEM analysis. Silymarin was estimated to have a loading efficiency of 27.39% into ZnFe₂O₄ NCs. To examine the produced nano-drug's in vivo antioxidative capacity in the liver in comparison to pure silymarin, albino rats intoxicated with CCl₄ were administered different dosages of 500 and 1500 μg/kg body weight. In hepatic tissue, CCl₄ increased ROS and TBARS and lowered SOD, POD, and CAT levels, causing DNA damage that was mitigated subsequently by PEGylated-Sily@ZnFe₂O₄. In a rat model of CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity, the in vivo assessment experiments showed that the synthesized PEGylated-Sily@ZnFe₂O₄ efficiently displayed a hepatoprotective effect by mitigating cellular abnormalities caused by CCl₄ toxication. Additionally, the PEGylated-Sily@ZnFe₂O₄ was shown to reduce the degree of DNA damage in the COMET experiment. In contrast to the traditional drug silymarin, the PEGylated-Sily@ZnFe₂O₄. Nanocomposites may be useful in the future in sustaining a variety of tissues by lowering oxidative stress.