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Variation in type 2 diabetes prevalence across different populations: the key drivers
Joanna Y Gong1,2, Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi1,3, Ayesha A Motala4
1Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Diabetologia
|August 5, 2025
Summary
Global type 2 diabetes prevalence is rising, with significant regional and demographic variations. Lifestyle, obesity, genetics, environment, and healthcare access drive these disparities, requiring comprehensive global strategies.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Global Health Disparities
Background:
- Global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased significantly in recent decades.
- Substantial regional and demographic variations in T2D prevalence exist worldwide.
- Factors contributing to disparities include socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and environmental exposures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
- To identify key drivers of regional and demographic disparities in T2D.
- To inform comprehensive strategies for T2D prevention and intervention.
Main Methods:
- Review of global epidemiological data on type 2 diabetes prevalence.
- Analysis of factors influencing T2D disparities, including urbanization, lifestyle changes, obesity, genetics, environmental factors, migration, and healthcare access.
- Synthesis of findings to understand the complex interplay of determinants.
Main Results:
- Higher T2D prevalence is observed in high- and middle-income countries, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa.
- Urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, processed food consumption, and rising obesity rates are major contributors.
- Genetic predisposition, environmental pollutants, migration, and unequal healthcare access exacerbate disparities, especially in lower-income regions.
Conclusions:
- Type 2 diabetes prevalence is influenced by a complex interplay of socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic, environmental, and healthcare system factors.
- Addressing T2D disparities requires a multifaceted approach focusing on prevention, weight management, and equitable healthcare access.
- Targeted interventions considering regional and demographic specificities are crucial for global T2D control.
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