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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus
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Intestinal flora of hepatitis C after direct antiviral drug therapy: A review

Hui Li1, Yang Liu, Ming Yu Lai

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.

Medicine
|August 5, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now curable with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). This review explores how DAAs affect gut microbiota in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and discusses probiotics for future treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Microbiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant global health concern with high chronicity and extrahepatic manifestations.
  • Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized HCV treatment, making it curable.
  • Intestinal dysbiosis is increasingly recognized in chronic liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the alterations in intestinal flora composition during different stages of CHC.
  • To investigate the impact of DAA treatment on the gut microbiome in CHC patients.
  • To summarize recent advancements in probiotic research relevant to CHC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gut microbiota in CHC.
  • Analysis of research on DAA treatment effects on intestinal flora.
  • Review of current findings on probiotic interventions for liver diseases.

Main Results:

  • Dysbiosis is frequently observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
  • The effects of DAAs on the gut microbiome in CHC are not fully understood.
  • Probiotics show potential but require further investigation in the context of CHC.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the gut microbiome's role in CHC is crucial for optimizing treatment.
  • DAA therapy may influence gut microbial balance, warranting further study.
  • Probiotics may offer a complementary therapeutic strategy for CHC, pending more research.

Keywords:
chronic hepatitis Cdirect antiviral drugsintestinal floraliver–gut axisprobiotics

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