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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
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Advocacy skills assessment guide: a validity study.

Esin Ateş1, Süheyla Altuğ Özsoy2

  • 1Department of Public Health Nursing, Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey. esnats11@gmail.com.

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|August 5, 2025
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Summary

This study developed and validated a guide to enhance nurses' patient advocacy skills. The guide was found to be a valid tool, with nurses rating it highly for practical application in their practice.

Keywords:
AdvocacyDevelopmentGuideHealth inequalitiesPublic health nursingSocial justiceValidity

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Practice
  • Healthcare Education
  • Patient Advocacy

Background:

  • Patient advocacy is a core nursing responsibility, yet many nurses struggle with its definition and effective implementation.
  • Existing knowledge gaps hinder nurses' ability to advocate for patients effectively.
  • This study addresses the need for improved patient advocacy skills among nurses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the patient advocacy skills of nursing students.
  • To develop a comprehensive guide for enhancing the advocacy skills of practicing nurses.
  • To establish the content validity of the developed advocacy skills guide.

Main Methods:

  • A four-stage guideline development and validation process was employed.
  • The study involved 33 participants, including student nurses, licensed nurses, and academics.
  • Content validity was assessed using the content validity index (CVI) and expert agreement was determined via the Kendall W test.

Main Results:

  • All content validity index (CVI) scores fell within the "good" to "excellent" range (0.73–1).
  • The Kendall W test confirmed significant agreement among expert reviewers (p < 0.001).
  • Public health nurses rated the developed guide highly (mean score 9.0 ± 0.816), with 70% giving a score of 9 or higher.

Conclusions:

  • The "Advocacy Skills Evaluation Guide" is a validated measurement tool for assessing nursing advocacy skills.
  • The guide is practical and well-received by nurses, indicating its potential to improve patient advocacy.
  • This validated guide can support nurses in fulfilling their essential role as patient advocates.