Dual role of CXCL10 in cancer progression: implications for immunotherapy and targeted treatment‎

CXCL10 is a chemokine crucial for immune cell recruitment and inflammation modulation, especially ‎within the tumor microenvironment.‎ This review critically analyzes the underexplored role of CXCL10 in modulating ‎JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt pathways across different tumor types, highlighting ‎inconsistencies in current research and proposing novel therapeutic strategies based on ‎research ‎from databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Future targeted therapies could ‎include personalized ‎approaches that either enhance the immunostimulatory functions of CXCL10‎ or inhibit its tumor promoting effects. Techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CXCL10 has demonstrated potential in preclinical models to ‎reduce tumor-promoting inflammation, while nanoparticle-based CXCL10 inhibitors enhance ‎immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in melanoma. In addition, targeting CXCL10-related mechanisms of immune evasion such as inhibition of CXCR3 may help to prevent metastasis. Futureresearch should focus on CXCL10-targeting approaches in highly immunosuppressive tumors, such as pancreatic and glioblastoma, where immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited efficacy.