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Relative risk regression analysis of epidemiologic data.

Environmental Health Perspectives

|November 1, 1985

Summary

Relative risk regression methods offer a unified approach for analyzing environmental and disease risk factors. These advanced techniques extend survival analysis and logistic regression, accommodating time-varying factors and complex data structures.

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Biostatistics
Environmental Health

Background:

Traditional regression models often struggle with time-to-event data and time-varying risk factors.
Existing methods like Cox regression and Mantel-Haenszel procedures have limitations in complex environmental and disease risk studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe and unify relative risk regression methods for environmental and disease risk factor analysis.
To extend conventional survival and binary regression models to handle time-to-disease occurrence, arbitrary baseline rates, censorship, and time-varying risk factors.

Main Methods:

Relative risk regression, viewed as an extension of Cox regression and a generalization of Mantel-Haenszel procedures.
Adaptation for epidemiologic cohort studies, time-matched case-control studies, and non-standard designs.
Utilizes asymptotic partial likelihood estimation for counting process intensity functions.

Main Results:

Relative risk regression provides a flexible framework for analyzing time-to-event data with time-varying covariates.
Asymptotic partial likelihood estimation is well-developed for disease rates interpretable as counting process intensity functions.
Estimation for disease rates outside this class and model criticism (goodness-of-fit, residuals, diagnostics) require further research.

Conclusions:

Relative risk regression methods offer a powerful, unified approach to complex risk assessment problems.
Further development is needed for estimating relative risks outside specific models and for comprehensive model criticism.
These methods are crucial for understanding disease etiology and environmental impacts over time.

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