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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

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Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
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Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

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Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
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Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Assessing Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts on High Resolution MR Images
08:39

Assessing Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts on High Resolution MR Images

Published on: November 20, 2015

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[Cerebral microangiopathy].

L A Dobrynina1, E I Kremneva1, A A Heints1

  • 1Research Centre of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|August 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Age-dependent cerebral microangiopathy, or cerebral small vessel disease, significantly impacts elderly health. Research highlights neuroimaging advances and the need for new risk factors and treatments for this complex neurological condition.

Keywords:
cerebral microangiopathydiffusion-tensor MRIomics technologiessmall vessel diseasevascular dementia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Age-dependent cerebral microangiopathy (cerebral small vessel disease) is a major cause of disability and mortality in the elderly.
  • It contributes to strokes, cognitive decline, gait disturbances, and neurodegeneration.
  • Current understanding and management strategies are limited by the disease's complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in neuroimaging for diagnosing cerebral microangiopathy.
  • To explore the potential of lifelong MRI for assessing brain microstructure and damage.
  • To discuss disease pathomorphosis, novel risk factors, experimental models, and pathogenetic treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on neuroimaging techniques.
  • Analysis of MRI-based microstructure assessment and pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Examination of disease pathomorphosis and risk factor control.
  • Evaluation of experimental models, including endothelial dysfunction.
  • Assessment of omics technologies for identifying molecular targets.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging has improved diagnosis and standardization of studies for cerebral microangiopathy.
  • Lifelong MRI offers insights into brain microstructure and damage mechanisms.
  • Disease presentation is evolving due to risk factor management, necessitating new risk factor identification.
  • Endothelial dysfunction models show promise for understanding disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for advancing the management of cerebral microangiopathy.
  • Further research into novel risk factors and molecular targets is crucial.
  • Development of effective pathogenetic treatments requires integrated approaches.