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The impact of antibiotic use on children's recovery from community-acquired pneumonia

Aifang Yang1, Yanyan Lu1, Yan Zhou1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|August 5, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Rational antibiotic use significantly impacts community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) recovery in children. Longer antibiotic duration and higher inflammation markers are linked to poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for judicious antibiotic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common childhood illness.
  • Antibiotic resistance and suboptimal treatment impact patient outcomes.
  • Understanding factors influencing CAP recovery is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of rational antibiotic use on recovery in children with CAP.
  • To identify risk factors associated with poor recovery outcomes in pediatric CAP.
  • To develop and evaluate a predictive model for poor CAP recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1078 children with CAP treated between May 2021 and October 2024.
  • Comparison of clinical data between children with good and poor recovery outcomes.
  • Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis to identify independent risk factors and assess predictive efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Poor recovery was associated with parental smoking, severe pneumonia, mixed infections, longer antibiotic use, and elevated CRP/PCT levels.
  • Severe pneumonia, longer antibiotic courses, and elevated CRP/PCT were independent risk factors for poor outcomes.
  • The predictive model demonstrated good efficacy with an AUC of 0.847.

Conclusions:

  • Rational antibiotic use, including appropriate duration and combination therapy, is critical for improving CAP recovery in children.
  • Identifying and managing risk factors like severe pneumonia and inflammation can optimize treatment strategies.
  • The study highlights the importance of judicious antibiotic prescribing to improve pediatric CAP outcomes.

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