Facial Artery Asymmetry and Branching Patterns: Correlation With Main Trunk Diameter

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Vascular Anatomy
• Facial Anatomy

Background:

• Facial arteries (FAs) commonly exhibit left-right asymmetry.
• Recognizing this asymmetry is crucial for preventing vascular complications during cosmetic procedures.
• This study investigates predicting FA asymmetry via main trunk (MT) diameter.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess if facial artery main trunk diameter can predict vascular asymmetry.
• To correlate main trunk diameter with facial artery asymmetry types.
• To improve safety in minimally invasive anti-aging treatments.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 74 facial arteries in 37 Korean adult cadavers.
• Examination of FA branch diameter, running depth, and branching patterns.
• Classification of asymmetry as balanced or asymmetric, with dominant and recessive sides identified.

Main Results:

• Facial artery asymmetry occurred in 64.8% of cases, with right-sided dominance more frequent.
• Larger main trunk (MT) and winding part (WP) diameters were significantly associated with dominant FA types (P<0.05).
• Dominant types correlated with MT diameter ≥3.0 mm, while recessive types correlated with MT diameter ≤2.0 mm. High-risk superficial running of WP, nasolabial fold, and angular arteries noted.

Conclusions:

• Facial artery main trunk diameter measurement can predict asymmetry and type.
• Preprocedural ultrasound assessment of MT diameter aids patient-specific planning.
• This approach can reduce vascular complications in clinical practice.