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Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

Systematic comparison of methods for offline breath sampling.

Mark Woollam^1,2, Andrew Christensen³, Eray Schulz^4,3

¹Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. mwoollam@iu.edu.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|August 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Standardizing exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling in Tedlar bags improves reproducibility and sensitivity for medical diagnostics. This method shows strong agreement with existing techniques, supporting biomarker discovery.

Keywords:

Exhaled breath Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS)Method standardization Thermal desorption Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

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Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

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Published on: February 14, 2019

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

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Published on: March 9, 2018

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement

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Published on: June 11, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomedical engineering
Analytical chemistry
Medical diagnostics

Background:

Exhaled breath analysis offers a non-invasive method for detecting disease biomarkers.
Current limitations include a lack of standardized offline sampling techniques for volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Purpose of the Study:

To standardize offline breath sampling using Tedlar bags for volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis.
To evaluate factors influencing VOC heterogeneity during breath collection.
To benchmark Tedlar bag performance against the ReCIVA system.

Main Methods:

Investigated factors affecting VOCs in Tedlar bags: tubing, bag material, fractionation, volume, and flow rate.
Collected breath samples from three healthy volunteers using both Tedlar bags and ReCIVA.
Analyzed samples via thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).

Main Results:

Identified 15 reliable on-breath VOCs across volunteers.
Tedlar bags demonstrated higher sensitivity for most detected VOCs compared to ReCIVA.
Tedlar bags exhibited significantly greater reproducibility (lower relative standard deviation) than ReCIVA (p < 0.03).
Strong correlation (R² = 0.70) observed between Tedlar bag and ReCIVA methods.

Conclusions:

Standardized Tedlar bag sampling provides a reproducible and sensitive method for offline VOC collection.
Both Tedlar bags and ReCIVA are suitable for volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarker discovery in exhaled breath.