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Characterising Long-Term Depressive Symptoms Post-brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Symptom Trajectory Groups and
Priscilla Prince1, Kristin Naragon-Gainey2, Rodrigo Becerra2
1School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. priscilla.prince@research.uwa.edu.au.
Neuropsychology Review
|August 5, 2025
Summary
Depression trajectories after acquired brain injury (ABI) vary, with most individuals experiencing stable low symptoms. Key factors like sex and injury severity predict persistent or changing depressive symptoms, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Depression is a common and persistent issue following acquired brain injury (ABI).
- Understanding the long-term patterns of depressive symptoms is crucial for effective management.
- Previous research has not fully elucidated the diverse trajectories of depression post-ABI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and identify long-term depressive symptom trajectories in adults with ABI.
- To determine factors that predict an individual's membership within these identified trajectories.
- To inform the development of personalized interventions for depression after ABI.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, registered on INPLASY.
- Comprehensive literature search across major scientific databases.
- Inclusion of studies using validated depression measures and group-based trajectory modeling with at least three assessment points.
Main Results:
- Four distinct depressive symptom trajectories were identified: stable low (68%), persistent high (13%), increasing (20%), and decreasing (11%).
- Significant predictors of group membership included sex, age, injury severity, and education level.
- Methodological variability across studies presented challenges for direct comparisons.
Conclusions:
- Depression following ABI is not static and can manifest or worsen years after the initial injury.
- Long-term monitoring and tailored interventions are essential for improving outcomes in individuals with ABI.
- Identifying specific predictors can guide personalized mental health support strategies for this population.
