Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

2.2K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
2.2K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

1.7K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
1.7K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

1.3K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
1.3K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

2.5K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
2.5K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

2.3K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Type I hair cells of striolar and central zones in vestibular organs are essential for head stability and postural control.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Eye-head coordination during goal-directed orienting in mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Task demands shift motor learning from adaptation to feedback control in a naturalistic bimanual task.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Eye-head coordination during goal-directed orienting in mice.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Poststroke Fatigue: An Overlooked Barrier to Functional Recovery.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Ground-truth encoding of self-motion in the primate cerebellar nodulus and uvula.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior
07:52

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

3.4K

Striatal and cerebellar interactions during reward-based motor performance.

Joonhee Leo Lee1,2, Agostina Casamento-Moran1,2, Amy J Bastian2,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The basal ganglia and cerebellum form a network that helps distinguish successful from unsuccessful actions. This brain network is modulated by motivation and preferences, supporting goal-directed motor behavior.

Keywords:
cerebellumfMRImotor performanceventral striatum

More Related Videos

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.3K
Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
07:52

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior
07:52

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

3.4K
Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.3K
Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
07:52

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Goal-directed motor performance requires differentiating outcomes.
  • The basal ganglia (BG) and cerebellum (CBL) are key for outcome processing.
  • Functional interactions between BG and CBL in this context are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional interactions between the basal ganglia and cerebellum during goal-directed motor tasks.
  • To explore how these interactions are modulated by performance outcomes and motivation.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan participants performing a skilled motor task.
  • Participants performed a task with outcomes contingent on motor performance and probabilistic events.
  • Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analyzed functional connectivity between brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Successful motor outcomes increased ventral striatum (VS) activity, while unsuccessful outcomes engaged the cerebellum (CBL).
  • BG and CBL showed no differential activity for probabilistic outcomes unrelated to motor performance.
  • DCM revealed inhibitory VS-to-CBL connectivity after success and CBL-to-VS connectivity after failure, modulated by task preference.

Conclusions:

  • A performance-mediated functional network exists between the VS and CBL.
  • This network is modulated by motivation and subjective preferences.
  • The findings support the role of this network in goal-directed behavior and action control.