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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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  11. The Verification Challenge Of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal

The Verification Challenge of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal

Katja Fennel1

  • 1Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;

Annual Review of Marine Science
|August 5, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses
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Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

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Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal will be essential, even with net-zero emissions. Ocean-based methods show promise but require accurate modeling to quantify their effectiveness in drawing down CO2.

Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Oceanography
  • Carbon Cycle Research

Background:

  • Achieving net-zero emissions alone may not suffice to mitigate climate change; atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is increasingly recognized as necessary.
  • Ocean-based CDR technologies are being explored, but their efficacy and scalability remain unproven.
  • These technologies depend on enhancing the flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere into the ocean, directly linked to the intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for accurate quantification of net air-sea CO2 flux for ocean-based CDR.
  • To emphasize that this quantification is essential for the economic viability and verifiability of CDR interventions.
  • To identify key challenges and uncertainties in measuring the net CO2 uptake attributable to CDR.

Main Methods:

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Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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  • The study emphasizes the necessity of combining observational data with sophisticated climate models.
  • It highlights that direct observation is insufficient for determining the net flux due to the complexity of the air-sea CO2 exchange.
  • The approach involves comparing a realistic scenario with an intervention to a hypothetical scenario without intervention.

Main Results:

  • Quantifying the cumulative net air-sea CO2 flux is crucial for assessing the success of CDR interventions.
  • Accurate measurement requires sophisticated modeling due to the inherent limitations of observational data alone.
  • Major uncertainties exist in estimating net CO2 uptake, including seawater de-gassing and carbon re-equilibration across Earth's systems.

Conclusions:

  • Ocean-based carbon dioxide removal strategies require robust quantification of their impact on the global carbon cycle.
  • Effective CDR assessment hinges on the integration of observational data and advanced climate modeling.
  • Addressing uncertainties in carbon rebalancing and seawater-atmosphere interactions is vital for advancing ocean-based CDR technologies.