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Severe Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infections During the 2023-2024 Outbreak: A Single-Center Descriptive Study in a

Ana Espeleta-Fox1, Alberto García-Salido, José Luis De Unzueta-Roch

  • 1From the Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|August 5, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections increased in pediatric intensive care, often with underlying conditions. Hypoxemia was a key severity indicator, and bacterial coinfections worsened patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Respiratory Illness

Background:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen in children.
  • Understanding recent trends and outcomes in pediatric intensive care is crucial.
  • Previous data on severe pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
  • To compare recent cases (2023-2024) with the preceding six years.
  • To identify factors associated with severity and adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric patients admitted to the PICU with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, underlying conditions, clinical presentation, coinfections, treatments, and outcomes.
  • Statistical comparison between the recent cohort and historical data.

Main Results:

  • A notable increase in Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases was observed in 2023-2024 compared to the previous six years.
  • Approximately half of the affected children had pre-existing medical conditions.
  • Hypoxemia was the predominant sign of severity. Viral coinfections were frequent, while bacterial coinfections were associated with poorer outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the PICU present with increased incidence and significant severity, particularly in children with comorbidities.
  • Hypoxemia and bacterial coinfections are critical indicators of poor prognosis.
  • Enhanced surveillance and management strategies are warranted for severe pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases.
Keywords:
hypoxemiapediatric intensive carepneumonia

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