Detection assays of mitochondrial permeability transition pore: Current status and future prospects

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a supramolecular entity in the inner mitochondrial membrane composed of various protein complexes, which is a critical component in maintaining mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current detection techniques for mPTP, including spectrophotometry, patch clamping, fluorescent probes, and flow cytometry, which have the potential to reveal the status of mPTP and its roles in degenerative diseases, inflammation, tumors and other diseases. Additionally, we discuss promising new methods to detect mPTP including enhancement in precision, high sensitivity, multi-parameter analysis, and technological integration. These advances highlight new possibilities of clinical diagnosis and treatment for mitochondria-related diseases.