Neuroparasitology: Fungal effectors induce feeding in zombie silkworms
1Molecular Microbiology, Environmental Biology and Developmental Biology, Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TC, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
Some entomopathogenic fungi hijack host behavior to increase their pathogenicity, but how they do so has largely remained a mystery. A recent paper shows that Cordyceps militaris fungi produce insect-like trehalase enzymes to induce perceived starvation in silkworms, leading to increased feeding and greater production of infectious spores.
Insights
Entomopathogenic fungi like Cordyceps militaris manipulate host behavior. These fungi produce insect-like enzymes to trigger starvation responses, boosting spore production and pathogenicity.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Insect Pathology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Entomopathogenic fungi are known to alter host behavior to enhance infection.
- The precise mechanisms by which fungi manipulate host behavior remain largely unelucidated.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing novel biocontrol strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Cordyceps militaris manipulates silkworm behavior.
- To identify specific fungal compounds or enzymes responsible for behavioral changes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of fungal gene expression in infected silkworms.
- Biochemical assays to identify enzyme activity.
- Behavioral observations of silkworms exposed to fungal compounds.
Main Results:
- Cordyceps militaris produces trehalase enzymes that mimic insect trehalases.
- These fungal trehalases induce a "perceived starvation" response in silkworms.
- This response leads to increased silkworm feeding and enhanced fungal spore production.
Conclusions:
- Fungal trehalase production is a key mechanism for host behavior manipulation by Cordyceps militaris.
- This strategy increases fungal pathogenicity by promoting feeding and spore dissemination.
- The findings offer insights into insect-fungus interactions and potential targets for pest control.
