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Modeling feedback-driven behavioral adaptation in pigs under environmental pressure: a study of behavior

Zhen Wang¹, Yunying Liu¹, Geqi Yan²

¹College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)

|August 5, 2025

Summary

The environmental pressure-feedback (EPF) model significantly reduced aggression and stress in pigs during herd mixing. This novel approach improved animal welfare and productivity by modulating pig behavior through controlled environmental pressures.

Keywords:

Behavioral model Feedback mechanism Pig behavior Stress response

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Behavioral Science
Agricultural Engineering

Background:

Aggression and stress during herd mixing negatively impact pig welfare and productivity in commercial farming.
Existing methods for managing stress during mixing are often insufficient or have negative welfare implications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate an environmental pressure-feedback (EPF) model to mitigate stress and aggression in pigs during herd mixing.
To assess the physiological and behavioral responses of pigs to the EPF model.

Main Methods:

The EPF model was implemented using brief feed withdrawal and spatial crowding, combined with resource-based feedback.
Behavioral indicators (fight frequency, skin lesions) and physiological markers (cortisol, chromogranin A, glucose, body temperature, heart rate) were measured.

Main Results:

EPF treatment significantly reduced pig aggression, indicated by decreased fight frequency and skin lesions.
EPF-treated pigs exhibited significantly lower cortisol, chromogranin A, glucose levels, body temperature, and heart rate compared to controls.
These physiological changes demonstrate effective stress alleviation and attenuation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation.

Conclusions:

The EPF model effectively mitigates stress responses in pigs during herd mixing.
By modulating behavior through controlled pressure and enhanced feedback perception, the EPF model prioritizes feeding motivation and suppresses aggression.
This study provides a novel strategy for improving animal welfare and productivity in commercial pig farming.