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Observation of a bilayer superfluid with interlayer coherence.

Erik Rydow1, Vijay Pal Singh2, Abel Beregi3

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Researchers created bilayer Bose gases to engineer bulk coherence via Josephson coupling. This demonstrated bilayer superfluidity, showing a transition from short-range to quasi-long-range order in phase modes.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Controlling inter-component coupling is key for engineering novel quantum phases.
  • Bilayer systems offer a platform for studying emergent phenomena in many-body physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate controlled generation of bulk coherence in a bilayer system of ultracold Bose gases.
  • To investigate the role of tunable interlayer Josephson coupling in creating bilayer superfluidity.
  • To characterize the phase modes and correlation properties of the bilayer system.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of a bilayer system using two-dimensional ultracold Bose gases.
  • Tunable interlayer Josephson coupling to control inter-layer interactions.
  • Noise-correlation measurements for the symmetric phase mode.
  • Matter-wave interferometry for antisymmetric phase fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated controlled generation of bulk coherence through Josephson coupling.
  • Observed crossover from short-range to quasi-long-range order in both phase modes above a critical coupling.
  • Provided direct evidence of bilayer superfluidity mediated by interlayer coupling.
  • Mapped the phase diagram using renormalization-group theory and Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Observed suppressed vortex excitations in the antisymmetric mode.

Conclusions:

  • Interlayer Josephson coupling is a viable mechanism for engineering bilayer superfluidity in ultracold atomic gases.
  • The observed crossover in correlation functions signifies a transition to a novel quantum phase.
  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the phase diagram and underlying physics of coupled 2D Bose gases.