A decentralized privacy-preserving XR system for 3D medical data visualization using hybrid biometric cryptosystem

Shreyansh Sharma ^1,2, Debasis Das ³, Santanu Chaudhury ⁴

⁰Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India. shreyanshsharma665@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports +

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August 5, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This study introduces a secure decentralized Extended Reality (XR) framework for collaborative surgical planning using Hybrid Biometric Cryptosystem (HBC) and blockchain. It enhances 3D medical data visualization and ensures data integrity and privacy.

Area Of Science

Medical Imaging and Visualization
Cybersecurity in Healthcare
Extended Reality (XR) Technologies

Background

Digital healthcare demands secure 3D medical data visualization for surgical planning.
Centralized systems face security risks and lack depth cues for complex anatomy.
Existing solutions struggle with privacy, security, and real-time collaborative visualization.

Purpose Of The Study

To develop a decentralized Extended Reality (XR)-based framework for secure and accurate 3D medical data visualization.
To integrate a Hybrid Biometric Cryptosystem (HBC), blockchain, and IPFS for enhanced security and privacy.
To enable intuitive, collaborative surgical planning with photorealistic 3D models in AR and MR.

Main Methods

Implemented a Hybrid Biometric Cryptosystem (HBC) combining Homomorphic Encryption (HE) and Fuzzy Vault (FV) for authentication.
Utilized a hierarchical redactable blockchain for tamper-resistance and secure access control.
Developed a system for rendering 3D brain MRI data in Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) with edge caching.

Main Results

Achieved low Equal Error Rates (EER) of 0.53% (AR) and 0.68% (MR) with authentication latency under 530 ms.
Demonstrated resistance to security threats like replay, spoofing, and unauthorized redactions.
User study confirmed clinical utility, usability, and compliance with GDPR and HIPAA regulations.

Conclusions

The proposed decentralized XR framework provides a scalable, secure, and immersive platform for collaborative medical data visualization.
The integration of HBC, blockchain, and IPFS effectively addresses limitations of traditional centralized systems.
The framework supports real-time interaction and enhances surgical planning in digital healthcare environments.

Keywords:

3D medical data visualization HBC Privacy-preserving healthcare Redactable blockchain XR