A macrophage-endothelial cell axis in kidney diseases

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Immunology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Kidney diseases, encompassing acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), represent a substantial global health burden.
• Macrophages and endothelial cells are pivotal players in the initiation and advancement of renal pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• This review elucidates the complex bidirectional communication between macrophages and endothelial cells.
• It explores their collective roles in the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted.
• The review focuses on interaction mechanisms, including cytokine secretion, exosome transport, and adhesion molecule expression.

Main Results:

• Macrophages influence endothelial function and angiogenesis via secreted factors and exosomes.
• Endothelial cells modulate macrophage activity and recruitment through adhesion molecules.
• These cellular crosstalks are critical for regulating kidney injury, repair, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

• Current understanding largely stems from animal models, with limited insight into species-specific variations.
• Future research should integrate multi-omics approaches and patient-derived organoids.
• This integration aims to validate therapeutic targets and facilitate clinical translation for kidney disease treatment.