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Engineering sustainable adsorption processes: batch vs. fixed-bed systems for pollutant removal.

Khaled Al-Zawahreh1, Ahmad B Albadarin2, Chirangano Mangwandi3

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Talal Faculty for Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Prince El-Hassan Bin, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.

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Summary

This study introduces a framework to select optimal adsorption processes (batch vs. fixed-bed) for pollutant removal, minimizing adsorbent use. Batch processes often prove more effective, especially when synthetic adsorbents are expensive.

Keywords:
Comparative adsorption studyEfficacy factorLangmuir modelSynthetic adsorbentsWastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Adsorption is crucial for pollutant removal, but selecting between batch and fixed-bed processes is complex.
  • Optimizing adsorbent consumption while ensuring efficient removal is a key challenge in water treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical framework for choosing between batch and fixed-bed adsorption processes.
  • To introduce metrics for evaluating and comparing the efficiency of different adsorption systems.
  • To minimize adsorbent usage in pollutant removal applications.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced an experimental efficacy factor (rₑₓₚ) comparing batch (qb) and fixed-bed (qfb) adsorption capacities.
  • Derived a theoretical efficacy factor (rₜₕₑₒ) using the Langmuir model for validation.
  • Assessed performance using final critical concentration (Cfc) against a 5.0 mg/L threshold.
  • Validated the model with data from 31 diverse adsorbents.

Main Results:

  • The experimental and theoretical efficacy factors showed close agreement, validating the assessment approach.
  • Tested adsorbents, including activated carbon and bioadsorbents, exhibited high dye uptake capacities.
  • Polymeric resin demonstrated superior performance in both batch (1076.0 mg/g) and fixed-bed (917.0 mg/g) modes.
  • Batch processes frequently showed lower Cfc values, indicating more efficient pollutant removal and adsorbent utilization.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework effectively aids in selecting the most suitable adsorption process (batch or fixed-bed).
  • The batch process offers advantages in pollutant removal efficiency and adsorbent minimization, particularly for costly synthetic adsorbents.
  • This research supports informed decision-making for optimizing adsorption-based environmental remediation strategies.