CPR Skill Achievement in Police First Responders: A Cross-Sectional Study Using QCPR and Kirkpatrick's Model

This study applied the Kirkpatrick Training Evaluation Model to examine how training motivation, skill mastery, and environmental support predict cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance among police officers serving as first responders.

A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 233 participants in a pilot phase and 138 in the main study, all recruited from 3 police precincts in New Taipei City, Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. CPR performance was assessed using QCPR manikins, capturing compression depth, rate, and recoil. Hierarchical regression analyses identified predictors of CPR skill performance.

Training motivation significantly predicted compression depth (β = 0.62, P < 0.001; R² = 0.188), while real-life resuscitation experience predicted compression rate (β = 0.17, P = 0.039; R² = 0.054). Chest recoil performance was significantly associated with training motivation (β = 0.31, P = 0.007) and the age group 30-39 (β = 0.22, P = 0.028), within a model explaining 11.4% of the variance (R² = 0.114). The 3 training-related constructs demonstrated varied and domain-specific impacts on CPR skills.

Beyond technical instruction, contextual and motivational factors significantly influence CPR performance among police officers. Training programs should incorporate multi-level strategies-including supportive environments and motivational components-to improve readiness and response effectiveness in prehospital emergency care.