BMP10 in Cardiovascular Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of global mortality, highlighting the urgent need for the identification of novel biomarkers and the development of therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. Despite great progress in CVD diagnosis, treatment, and predicting risk, current methods fall short of effectively reducing its prevalence. Recently, bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10), a cardiac-specific growth factor with a role in cardiac development and vascular homeostasis, has emerged as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in CVD. While studies have demonstrated BMP10's diagnostic potential in atrial fibrillation (AF), its precise role across the broader CVD landscape remains poorly understood. We review the current knowledge of BMP10's involvement across a spectrum of cardiovascular conditions, including AF, heart failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. This analysis provides an in-depth examination of the mechanisms through which BMP10 may influence CVD progression and highlights its potential utility as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.