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Underlying Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in a Case of Vivax Malaria With Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report

Amitabha Saha1, Madhusha Mukhopadhyay2, Arjun Talapatra3

  • 1Critical Care, Desun Hospital, Kolkata, IND.

Cureus
|August 6, 2025
PubMed

Thrombocytopenia is a very commonly known complication of malaria. A 64-year-old male presented with high-grade fever, extensive petechial rashes, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and mucosal oral bleeds. Laboratory tests revealed severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count: 15,000 per cubic millimeter), leukocytosis (total leukocyte count (TLC): 29,100 per microliter), and coagulopathy (international normalized ratio: 4.2). Infection was ruled out by negative cultures. The smear was positive for Plasmodium vivax. Flow cytometry was done, and a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was made. The association of leukocytosis with thrombocytopenia in the case of malaria, in the absence of sepsis - as in our patient - should raise a suspicion of underlying CLL.

Keywords:
leukemialeukocytosismalariapancytopeniathrombocytopenia

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