Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Survival prediction in colorectal cancer liver metastases using machine learning with SHAP-based interpretation.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

Occurrence of PICC/CVC-Related Skin Impairment in Patients With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Analysis of Current Situation and Influencing Factors.

Transplantation proceedings·2026
Same author

Symptomatic and pathological features in chemical phlebitis rat model by injection vinorelbine via dorsal pedal vein.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Camrelizumab plus CAPOX with camrelizumab based maintenance versus CAPOX alone as initial treatment for gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: randomised phase 3 trial.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026
Same author

Key molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks in colorectal cancer liver metastasis.

Biological procedures online·2026
Same author

H₂S-Activatable dual-responsive fluorescent probe for bicolor visualization of Ferroptosis and drug-induced liver injury models.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

18.3K

Tirelizumab-Induced Immune Encephalitis: A Case Report.

Shoujiang Hao1, Xiaoying Zhang1, Xiaojun Qi1

  • 1Department of Oncology Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Taiyuan China.

Clinical Case Reports
|August 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune-mediated encephalitis, a serious side effect. This case study examines a patient with lung cancer who developed this condition after PD-1 inhibitor treatment.

Keywords:
Tirelizumabdrug‐related adverse reactionsimmune encephalitislung cancer

More Related Videos

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

3.8K
Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography
09:41

Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

18.3K
Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

3.8K
Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography
09:41

Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are crucial in cancer therapy.
  • Adverse drug reactions, including neurological toxicities, are increasing with ICI use.
  • Immune-mediated encephalitis is a severe central nervous system complication of ICIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of atypical immune-mediated encephalitis following PD-1 inhibitor therapy.
  • To describe the clinical presentation of this specific adverse event.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated encephalitis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 65-year-old male patient with lung squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Administration of the PD-1 inhibitor, Tirelizumab.
  • Clinical observation and analysis of the patient's neurological symptoms and treatment.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed clinical signs suggestive of immune-mediated encephalitis post-Tirelizumab administration.
  • The encephalitis presented atypically, requiring detailed clinical evaluation.
  • The study highlights the importance of recognizing and managing ICI-induced neurological toxicities.

Conclusions:

  • Immune-mediated encephalitis is a significant risk associated with PD-1 inhibitors like Tirelizumab.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management are critical for patient outcomes.
  • Further research into the mechanisms and treatment of ICI-induced neurotoxicity is warranted.