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Differing dietary patterns according to body composition.

Yea-Chan Lee1, Hyung-Mi Kim2, Hye Sun Lee3

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Dietary patterns are linked to body composition. Individuals with low muscle mass (LMo) or high body fat (HFo), including those with both (LMHF), consume more ultra-processed foods and fewer vegetables and rice.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Body Composition Analysis
  • Public Health Research

Background:

  • Investigates body composition phenotypes: normal (N), low muscle mass only (LMo), high body fat only (HFo), and low muscle mass with high body fat (LMHF).
  • Utilizes large-scale nationwide data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between distinct body composition categories and dietary patterns.
  • To identify specific dietary habits linked to unfavorable body composition profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 15,917 participants using propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust for confounders.
  • Comparison of daily macronutrient intake and food group consumption frequency using analysis of covariance, controlling for total calorie intake.

Main Results:

  • LMHF and HFo groups showed lower carbohydrate and higher protein/fat intake versus the N group.
  • LMHF and LMo groups had reduced rice/vegetable intake and increased ultra-processed food consumption.
  • LMo and HFo groups exhibited higher beverage consumption compared to the N group.

Conclusions:

  • Adverse body composition (LMo, HFo, LMHF) correlates with suboptimal dietary patterns.
  • These patterns include increased ultra-processed food and beverage intake, and decreased intake of staple foods like rice and vegetables.
  • Highlights the need for targeted nutritional interventions for individuals with specific body composition imbalances.