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Medication Adherence in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Factors in the
Nasser Al-Salmi1, Joshua K Muliira1, Eilean Rathinasamy Lazarus1
1Department of Adult Health and Critical Care, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
Purpose:
Medication adherence is a critical factor in the management of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and plays a vital role in slowing disease progression, preventing complications and improving health outcomes. This study fills this gap by systematically integrating findings from qualitative studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multilevel determinants of adherence unique to the MENA sociocultural context.
Methods:
A metasynthesis was conducted using a thematic synthesis approach, incorporating data from nine qualitative studies. The search was limited to research articles published in English between 2014 and 2024.
Results:
The metasynthesis identified four key themes: (1) personal factors and perceptions related to the disease and medications are fundamental to adherence, (2) healthcare provider attitudes and practices can improve adherence to medications, (3) the healthcare system is a key factor for optimal adherence, and (4) sociocultural, alternative medicine, and religious practices affect adherence in the MENA region.
Conclusion:
Medication adherence among adults with T2D in the MENA region is influenced by factors related to the individual patients, healthcare providers, healthcare system, and sociocultural practices. There is a need for more qualitative studies to address existing knowledge gaps about the agency of the above factors in regard to initiation and control of actions that lead to medication adherence.
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