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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

Lower cortical activation and altered functional connectivity characterize passive auditory spatial attention in ASD.

Sergio Osorio^1,2, Jasmine Tan^1,2, Grace Levine^1,2

¹Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|August 6, 2025

Summary

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show altered brain activity and connectivity during auditory spatial attention tasks. These differences in neural responses may explain challenges in processing sounds and social cues.

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Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

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Published on: October 24, 2012

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

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Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

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Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Auditory Processing

Background:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition impacting social interaction and communication.
Auditory spatial attention, crucial for social cues, is understudied in ASD.
Prior research suggests atypical auditory processing in individuals with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate neural signatures of passive auditory spatial attention in children with ASD.
To compare brain activity and functional connectivity in ASD versus typically developing (TD) children.
To explore the relationship between neural findings and behavioral outcomes in ASD.

Main Methods:

Source-localized magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used in children with ASD (n=21) and TD controls (n=31).
Participants passively listened to auditory stimuli with either stable (stay) or changing (jump) locations.
Linear mixed effects modeling and functional connectivity analyses were performed.

Main Results:

Children with ASD exhibited lower cortical activation in the auditory cortex during 'jump' trials compared to TD children.
Higher alpha-band functional connectivity was observed in ASD between auditory cortex and prefrontal/parietal regions.
Connectivity patterns correlated with auditory processing scores and ASD symptom severity.

Conclusions:

Auditory spatial attention, including passive sound orientation, appears different in individuals with ASD.
Altered neural activity and connectivity in auditory and attention networks may underlie these differences.
Findings contribute to understanding sensory processing variations in ASD.