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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

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Membrane composition-dependent patterning of Rho and F-actin in an artificial cell cortex.

Gregory J Schwarz1, Joanna R Suber1, Jennifer Landino1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Membrane composition regulates cell cortex patterning. Altering lipid levels in artificial cell models changed F-actin and Rho dynamics, demonstrating the membrane

Keywords:
Xenopus egg extractcell cortexmembrane compositionreconstitutionself-organized patterningsupported lipid bilayer

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cortical excitability involves dynamic F-actin waves in the cell cortex.
  • The plasma membrane's role in regulating this dynamic patterning is unclear.
  • Phospholipids and phosphoinositides are key membrane components potentially influencing cell division.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if membrane composition regulates self-organized cortical patterning.
  • To determine the role of specific lipids in cytokinetic patterning dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an artificial reconstituted cell cortex model.
  • Employed supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) with Xenopus egg extract.
  • Manipulated levels of specific lipids like phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol.

Main Results:

  • Membrane composition was shown to regulate self-organized cortical patterning.
  • Changes in lipid levels altered the dynamics of traveling waves and standing oscillatory patterns of active Rho and F-actin.
  • Kinetics of Rho activation and F-actin assembly on SLBs were affected by lipid manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane composition directly regulates cortical F-actin assembly.
  • Emergent active Rho and F-actin patterning is controlled by membrane properties.