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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...
Catenins01:23

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the adherens...
Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Modeling Mucosal Candidiasis in Larval Zebrafish by Swimbladder Injection
06:28

Modeling Mucosal Candidiasis in Larval Zebrafish by Swimbladder Injection

Published on: November 27, 2014

Cathleen Zeymer.

Cathleen Zeymer

    Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
    |August 6, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cathleen Zeymer

    Area of Science:

    • Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering
    • Industrial Biotechnology

    Background:

    • Enzymes are crucial biological catalysts with significant industrial potential.
    • Developing novel enzymes is key to advancing biocatalytic processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the future applications of designer enzymes in industrial biocatalysis.
    • To highlight the capabilities of high-throughput screening methods in enzyme research.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of designer enzymes into industrial biocatalytic processes.
    • Utilizing plate readers for parallel screening of enzyme activities.

    Main Results:

    • Designer enzymes show promise for integration into industrial biocatalysis.
    • High-throughput screening enables parallel analysis of multiple enzyme variants.

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    Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

    Published on: January 31, 2025

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    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Modeling Mucosal Candidiasis in Larval Zebrafish by Swimbladder Injection
    06:28

    Modeling Mucosal Candidiasis in Larval Zebrafish by Swimbladder Injection

    Published on: November 27, 2014

    Intrathoracic Injection for the Study of Adult Zebrafish Heart
    07:22

    Intrathoracic Injection for the Study of Adult Zebrafish Heart

    Published on: May 14, 2019

    Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
    07:26

    Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

    Published on: January 31, 2025

    Conclusions:

    • The future of industrial biocatalysis relies on the development and application of designer enzymes.
    • Efficient screening methods are essential for enzyme discovery and optimization.