Permeable, Wet-Adhesive, and EMI-Resistant Liquid Metal Electronic Skin for High-Fidelity Electrophysiological...

Textile-based e-skins possess outstanding permeability, flexibility, and biocompatibility, making them ideal for wearable health monitoring and human-machine interfaces. However, the intrinsic trade-off between breathability and adhesiveness poses a major challenge to maintaining a stable and comfortable skin-electrode interface. This often results in elevated interfacial impedance, signal artifacts, and reduced signal fidelity under extreme conditions. Herein, a breathable, wet-adhesive, and electromagnetic interference (EMI)-resistant textile-based e-skin is engineered for stable and high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring, particularly in sweaty and strong electromagnetic environments. Liquid metal particles (LMPs) are encapsulated within polysaccharide molecules to prevent surface oxidation and enhance printability. The conductive ink is directly patterned onto a sandwich-structured textile substrate, which integrates a wet-adhesive yet permeable fibrous layer, and an EMI-shielding interlayer coated with silver nanoparticles. The resulting e-skin demonstrates excellent permeability (1439.1 ± 13.3 g m^-2 day^-1), strong wet adhesion (2.1 J cm^-2), and robust EMI shielding effectiveness (>50 dB in the X-band), these advantages collectively empower comfortable, stable, and high-fidelity acquisition of various electrophysiological signals including electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), visual evoked potentials (VEP), and electrooculography (EOG), even in humid and EMI conditions. This functional synergy represents a key innovation that enhances long-term stability and fidelity in complex, real-world bio-monitoring scenarios.