From innovation to implementation: strengthening anterior ocular inflammatory surface diseases diagnostics through...

Dry eye disease (DED), allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and infectious conjunctivitis (IC) are anterior ocular inflammatory surface diseases (AOISD) that remain overlooked, particularly in low-resource settings. This review explores the policy and health system factors driving inequities in AOISD diagnosis and highlights strategic pathways for scaling up access through global public health integration.

While diagnostic innovations such as tear-based biomarkers, artificial intelligence (AI) tools, and teleophthalmology platforms offer promising solutions, implementation remains hindered by cost, workforce limitations, and fragmented infrastructure. Epidemiological data gaps persist, particularly in Africa and Europe. Emerging evidence supports the cost-effectiveness of integrated diagnostics, task-shifting strategies, and multisectoral partnerships, including national programs and non-governmental organization-led initiatives, to expand diagnostic capacity.

Advancing AOISD diagnosis requires a coordinated approach that bridges innovation and policy. Integrating AOISDs into broader global eye health strategies, strengthening primary care systems, and aligning diagnostics with public health goals is essential to ensure equitable care. Public-private partnerships, investment in workforce training, and targeted education campaigns will be central to closing diagnostic gaps sustainably.