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Metastable 1T-RhO2 with a Triangular Lattice: A Possible Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate.

Yang-Yang Lv1,2, Defa Liu3, Hao-Min Lu1,2

  • 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|August 6, 2025
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Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel 4d transition metal van der Waals magnet, 1T-RhO2. This material exhibits insulating properties and may be a candidate for quantum spin liquid (QSL) states.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Magnetism

Background:

  • Layered van der Waals (vdW) magnets are crucial for low-dimensional magnetism and device applications.
  • Most existing vdW magnets utilize 3d transition metals.
  • Exploring 4d and 5d transition metal systems is vital for discovering exotic magnetic phenomena driven by electronic correlations and spin-orbit coupling (SOC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel metastable layered vdW crystal containing a 4d transition metal.
  • To investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of the synthesized material.
  • To explore its potential as a quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate.

Main Methods:

  • Topochemical reaction synthesis of 1T-RhO2 from Cs0.5RhO2 single crystals.
  • Electrical transport measurements to determine conductivity.
  • Magnetic susceptibility and alternating current susceptibility to probe magnetic order.
  • Raman spectroscopy to identify fermionic excitations.
  • Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and hybrid functional calculations to determine electronic band structure.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of metastable 1T-RhO2, a layered vdW triangular lattice crystal.
  • 1T-RhO2 confirmed as an electrical insulator with a band gap of approximately 1.0 eV.
  • Absence of long-range magnetic order or spin glass behavior down to 2 K.
  • Observation of fermionic excitations potentially indicative of fractionalized Majorana fermions.
  • Identification of 1T-RhO2 as a promising quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized 1T-RhO2 represents a significant advancement in 4d transition metal vdW magnets.
  • The material's properties suggest it is a potential quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate.
  • This work expands discovery pathways for QSLs in metastable materials.