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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

204
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
204
Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture01:26

Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture

288
Sputum studies are a critical part of diagnosing and treating numerous respiratory conditions. These studies involve obtaining sputum samples for analysis to identify pathogenic organisms and assess the presence of abnormal cells indicative of malignant conditions. This lesson will delve into three fundamental sputum studies: Gram Stain, Cytology, and Acid-fast Smear and Culture.
Gram Stain
The Gram Stain is an integral part of sputum studies. It involves the staining of sputum, which permits...
288
Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

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Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

239
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
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A streamlined CRISPR-based test for tuberculosis detection directly from sputum.

Alexandra G Bell1, Owen R S Dunkley1, Nisha H Modi2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA.

Science Advances
|August 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new SHINE-TB test offers rapid, affordable tuberculosis diagnosis in resource-limited settings. This one-pot assay combines amplification and detection for accurate results, improving global health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Diagnostics
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health threat, particularly in underresourced regions.
  • There is a critical need for accessible and simple diagnostic tools for TB.
  • Current diagnostic methods may be complex or inaccessible in low-resource settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, affordable, and simple diagnostic assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).
  • To create a one-pot assay combining amplification and detection for streamlined TB diagnosis.
  • To ensure the assay is compatible with lateral flow and lyophilization for field use.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with Cas13a and Cas12a detection.
  • Developed two parallel one-pot assays to detect Mtb-specific elements (IS6110, IS1081) and a human DNA control.
  • Validated the assay using spiked sputum samples and clinical blinded sputum samples.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a limit of detection of 69.0 CFU/mL for Mtb H37Rv and 80.5 CFU/mL for Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
  • Demonstrated no cross-reactivity with other bacterial or fungal isolates.
  • Clinical testing showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to culture in blinded samples.

Conclusions:

  • The SHINE-TB assay effectively streamlines TB diagnosis from sample to result.
  • The assay's compatibility with lateral flow and lyophilization makes it suitable for underresourced areas.
  • This innovative diagnostic approach holds promise for improving global TB control efforts.