Female reproductive tract obstruction and its imaging mimics - A pictorial review

Obstruction of the female reproductive tract can occur in multiple locations. This can result in hydrocolpos at the level of the vagina, hydrometra at the level of the uterus, and hydrosalpinx at the level of the uterine tubes, each with their own underlying causes. Identification of relevant anatomy helps localize the obstruction, which facilitates diagnosis and appropriate clinical management. Cross-sectional techniques, especially MRI can be useful for anatomic localization in difficult cases. Here, we review the various causes of female reproductive tract obstruction, their pathophysiology, and imaging features.