Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
Published on: November 8, 2024
You Survived Your Whipple Operation, Now What? Long-Term Consequences of Anemia, Incisional Hernia, Osteopenia, and
Avinoam Nevler1, Charles J Yeo2
1Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Curtis 618, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Abstract:
Survivorship after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has substantially increased over the past 3 decades and this has resulted in more patients manifesting with long-term sequelae from the surgery. PD results in notable changes to the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas. Additionally, the resection of the duodenum and proximal jejunum impacts the intestinal absorption of key micronutrients resulting in iron-deficiency anemia and accelerated osteoporosis. In this article, we explore several long-term complications of PD and review potential monitoring and management strategies.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Flail Chest-I
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

