Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.0K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.0K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

10.0K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.0K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

9.5K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
9.5K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.5K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.5K
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

5.1K
De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
5.1K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

170.5K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
170.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bailout management of pull-line entrapment following Viabahn stent deployment: A case report.

The journal of vascular access·2026
Same author

The emergence and diversification of the DUX gene family across placental mammals.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Novel role of the lncRNA EPR as oncosuppressor in intestinal cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A conserved ER protein prevents lipotoxicity by stimulating the key enzyme in glycerolipid synthesis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Histone H4 acetyl-methyllysine marks accessible chromatin that resists compaction.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Investigation of TRMT61B methyltransferase activity on mRNA and its effects on translation.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Identification of MyoD Interactome Using Tandem Affinity Purification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
14:47

Identification of MyoD Interactome Using Tandem Affinity Purification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry

Published on: May 17, 2016

9.9K

MYOD represses gene expression from non-E-box motifs.

Chiara Nicoletti1, Jimmy Massenet1, Andreas P Pintado-Urbanc2,3

  • 1Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Genes & Development
|August 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

MYOD is a gene regulator that can repress gene expression by binding to chromatin independently of E-box sequences. This newly identified repressor function is crucial for somatic cell transdifferentiation into skeletal muscle.

Keywords:
MYODchromatingene expression

More Related Videos

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

18.2K
Improved Protocol for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Mouse Skeletal Muscle
09:30

Improved Protocol for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Published on: November 6, 2017

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Identification of MyoD Interactome Using Tandem Affinity Purification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
14:47

Identification of MyoD Interactome Using Tandem Affinity Purification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry

Published on: May 17, 2016

9.9K
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

18.2K
Improved Protocol for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Mouse Skeletal Muscle
09:30

Improved Protocol for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Published on: November 6, 2017

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Myogenic factor D (MYOD) is a key transcription factor in skeletal muscle development.
  • Conventional understanding posits MYOD primarily as an activator of muscle-specific gene expression via E-box binding.
  • The role of MYOD in regulating chromatin accessibility and gene repression remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel properties of MYOD beyond its canonical role as a transcriptional activator.
  • To investigate the mechanism of MYOD-mediated gene repression during somatic cell transdifferentiation.
  • To explore the role of E-box-independent chromatin binding in MYOD function.

Main Methods:

  • Ectopic expression of MYOD in human fibroblasts and endogenous induction in muscle stem cells (MuSCs).
  • Chromatin accessibility assays and gene expression analysis.
  • Analysis of MYOD mutants to dissect molecular mechanisms of repression.
  • Assessment of histone modifications (H3K27ac, H4 Kacme) and CTCF-mediated chromatin interactions.

Main Results:

  • MYOD was found to repress gene expression through E-box-independent chromatin binding, reducing chromatin accessibility at regulatory elements.
  • MYOD-mediated repression was associated with chromatin compaction and specific histone modification patterns (reduced H4 Kacme), distinct from canonical activation.
  • Repression mechanisms varied: promoter binding for growth-responsive genes and superenhancer (SE) decommissioning for lineage-specific genes, involving different MYOD domains and CTCF interactions.

Conclusions:

  • MYOD possesses a previously unrecognized function as a gene repressor, operating independently of E-box sequences.
  • MYOD exhibits functional versatility through alternative chromatin recruitment (E-box dependent or independent), influencing gene expression and chromatin structure.
  • These findings expand the known biological properties of MYOD, revealing complex regulatory roles in cellular reprogramming and muscle development.