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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies
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Isolated Neck Extensor Myopathy Associated with Sarcopenia.

Shuko Fujiki1,2, Taiki Matsubayashi1,2, Yoshiki Sakurai2

  • 1Department of Neurology, National Disaster Medical Center, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|August 6, 2025
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This study found that sarcopenia can cause isolated neck extensor myopathy (INEM), leading to dropped head syndrome. Steroid treatment effectively improved symptoms in this patient.

Keywords:
dropped head syndromeisolated neck extensor myopathysarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Dropped head syndrome can be caused by various neuromuscular conditions.
  • Sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, is increasingly recognized as a contributor to functional decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of dropped head syndrome secondary to isolated neck extensor myopathy (INEM) attributed to sarcopenia.
  • To discuss the diagnostic approach and treatment outcomes for INEM in the context of sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation of a 64-year-old woman with progressive headdrop.
  • Physical examination revealing isolated neck extensor muscle weakness.
  • MRI (Short T1 inversion recovery sequences) and needle electromyography findings.

Main Results:

  • MRI showed high signal intensity in bilateral splenius capitis muscles.
  • Electromyography indicated myopathic changes.
  • Diagnosis of INEM secondary to sarcopenia was established.
  • Steroid therapy led to significant improvement in dropped head syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dropped head syndrome.
  • INEM associated with inflammatory findings may benefit from steroid treatment.