[A new era in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms]

The treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has advanced significantly in recent years, leading to a reassessment of therapeutic strategies for polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF). In PV, ropeginterferon alfa-2b has shown potential disease-modifying effects by reducing the JAK2 V617F allele burden. For ET, treatment remains focused on thrombosis prevention, with hydroxyurea as the mainstay, and novel agents such as pegylated interferon and bomedemstat (LSD1 inhibitor) are also under development. In MF, the evolution of JAK inhibitors is particularly noteworthy, with momelotinib and pacritinib showing potential benefits in alleviating anemia. Additionally, now that HemeSight^® is covered by Japanese national health insurance, genetic mutation analysis has become more accessible, paving the way for risk classification based on genetic profiling. This review provides a comprehensive update on the latest risk stratification and therapeutic strategies for MPNs, highlighting emerging treatments and their potential impact on disease management.