[Current state of CAR-T cell therapy for relapsed/refractory ALL in children and young adults]

Refractory and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in pediatric and young adult patients remains difficult to treat. Recent advances in immunotherapy for B-cell hematologic malignancies, particularly CAR-T cell therapy, have significantly improved B-ALL treatment. In Japan, only tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah^®) is approved for clinical use. This paper reviews improvements in pediatric ALL treatment outcomes and explores new strategies for relapsed B-ALL, with a focus on CAR-T cell therapy. Additionally, it discusses challenges in optimizing post-CAR-T treatment strategies and future prospects in this evolving field.