Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence01:16

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

3.7K
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
3.7K
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

63
Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
63
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

2.3K
Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
2.3K
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

360
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
360
Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

194
A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
194
Introduction to Test of Independence01:21

Introduction to Test of Independence

2.4K
In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Atrial Fibrillation and Lipid-related Indices in Japanese Men: An Age-matched Case-control Study.

In vivo (Athens, Greece)·2026
Same author

[Individual Differences in the Impact of Habitual Alcohol Drinking on Blood Pressure].

Nihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene·2026
Same author

Combined Conventional Blood Biomarkers as Discriminators of Excessive Alcohol Consumption in Men: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Prognostic Value of the Hematometabolic Index for Incident Metabolic Syndrome: Findings From a Large Occupational Cohort of Japanese Men.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Gender Differences in the Associations Between Serum Urate and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Age-Matched Middle-Aged Japanese.

Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

[Antithrombotic Action of Resveratrol: Particularly Regarding Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation].

Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan·2025
Same journal

Association between ERCC5 gene rs17655 polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis.

Environmental health and preventive medicine·2026
Same journal

COVID-19-related health literacy, general health literacy, and mental health problems: evidence from a population-based study in Japan.

Environmental health and preventive medicine·2026
Same journal

LncRNA OIP5-AS1 knockdown is associated with attenuated nonylphenol-induced cardiac fibrosis.

Environmental health and preventive medicine·2026
Same journal

Combined effects of nitrogen dioxide and ozone air pollution on maternal liver function during pregnancy: a birth cohort study in China.

Environmental health and preventive medicine·2026
Same journal

BPS and BPF linked to metabolic alterations independent of adiposity in Thai children and adolescents.

Environmental health and preventive medicine·2026
Same journal

Causes of severe injuries in wheelchair user motor vehicle passengers: pilot study for future safety restraint system.

Environmental health and preventive medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis
08:45

Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis

Published on: November 8, 2024

758

Alcohol and life expectancy.

Ichiro Wakabayashi1, Klaus Groschner2

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University.

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
|August 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing harmful alcohol consumption is a global health priority. While some studies suggest light drinking may benefit heart health, these findings are often confounded, and alcohol use remains a major disease risk factor.

Keywords:
AlcoholCardiovascular diseaseEducationGenderIncomeLife expectancyOccupationSocioeconomic inequality

More Related Videos

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.2K
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis
08:45

Modeling Alcohol Consumption in Rodents Using Two-Bottle Choice Home Cage Drinking and Microstructural Analysis

Published on: November 8, 2024

758
The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.2K
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • High blood pressure, tobacco smoking, and alcohol use are leading global disease risk factors.
  • Alcohol consumption is linked to numerous acute and chronic health issues, including cancer, injury, suicide, and alcohol use disorder.
  • A U- or J-shaped relationship exists between alcohol intake and all-cause mortality, with potential cardiovascular benefits observed in light-to-moderate drinkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the purported cardiovascular benefits of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption.
  • To highlight the confounding factors and biases, such as healthy drinker bias, that may influence study findings.
  • To emphasize the overall public health burden of alcohol use and the importance of reducing consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological studies on alcohol consumption and health outcomes.
  • Analysis of potential confounding variables, including socioeconomic factors and drinking patterns.
  • Examination of the role of biogenic compounds in alcoholic beverages.

Main Results:

  • Observed associations between light-to-moderate alcohol intake and reduced cardiovascular disease risk are likely influenced by confounding and selection biases.
  • Biogenic compounds in beverages like wine may contribute to observed effects, but confounding remains significant.
  • Unhealthy alcohol use is a major behavioral risk factor contributing to mortality and reduced life expectancy, particularly among men and lower socioeconomic groups.

Conclusions:

  • The potential cardiovascular benefits of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption are uncertain and likely overshadowed by significant public health risks.
  • Reducing harmful alcohol consumption is a critical public health priority, necessitating targeted social policies and interventions.
  • Public health strategies must consider socioeconomic disparities and be tailored to specific social and temporal contexts to effectively address alcohol-related harm.