VAMP proteins: molecular architects in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic innovation

Vesicle-associated membrane protein is a widely distributed integral component within the human body, serving as a critical mediator of membrane fusion events in physiological and pathological processes. It contains a SNARE domain, an N-terminal hydrophilic structure and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. As emerging research evidence accumulates, VAMP proteins have been implicated in a diverse range of conditions, including various neoplastic diseases, as well as neurological and psychiatric disorders. Understanding its connection with tumors, which can serve as the foundation for molecular targeted therapies, is crucial for predicting tumor prognosis. Further investigation into the mutations and related pathway abnormalities of VAMP proteins will have a profound impact on the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. This review systematically summarizes the structure, involved biological processes, immunotherapeutic methods, drug-targeted treatment strategies, biomarkers, mutation types, and related diseases of VAMP proteins. It aims to offer novel perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of VAMP-associated diseases.