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Listening to Music Modulates EEG Functional Connectivity During Subsequent Time Estimation: A Comparative Study

Julieta Ramos-Loyo1, Luis P Ruiz Gómez1, Sergio I Rivera-Tello1,2

  • 1Institute of Neurosciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Psychophysiology
|August 7, 2025
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Summary

Music listening improves time perception accuracy for non-musicians. Musicians show enhanced timing accuracy, unaffected by music, suggesting musical training optimizes brain function for temporal processing.

Keywords:
EEGfunctional connectivitymusicneuroplasticitytime estimation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Music Psychology

Background:

  • Music significantly influences human brain activity and cognitive functions, including time perception.
  • Musical training induces neuroplasticity, potentially altering how the brain processes time.
  • Musicians may exhibit distinct neural responses to time perception tasks, especially when exposed to music.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of music on time production accuracy in musicians and non-musicians.
  • To compare electroencephalography (EEG) connectivity metrics (global efficiency, local efficiency, network density) between musicians and non-musicians during time perception tasks with and without music.
  • To explore how music modulates brain functional synchronization related to temporal processing.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited two groups: musicians (MU) and non-musicians (NM).
  • Assessed time production accuracy behaviorally.
  • Measured EEG connectivity, including global efficiency, local efficiency, and network density, under conditions with and without music exposure.
  • Compared connectivity metrics between groups and across conditions.

Main Results:

  • Non-musicians demonstrated improved time production accuracy after listening to music.
  • Musicians exhibited higher baseline timing accuracy, with no significant changes observed due to music.
  • Overall brain connectivity was lower when participants listened to music compared to performing time tasks.
  • Non-musicians showed higher local efficiency, while musicians had greater global efficiency and network density.
  • Differential connectivity patterns were observed between musicians and non-musicians.

Conclusions:

  • Music can modulate brain functional synchronization involved in time perception.
  • Musical training significantly influences brain functional connectivity at rest and during temporal estimation.
  • Music training may optimize temporal processing through enhanced global integration, reducing susceptibility to external temporal disruptions.